XP Questions

1. consults the software administrator.The software administrator suggests about installing Windows XP professional.Identify the feature of Window XP professional edition, which would help in solving the above problem?

1. support for multiple processors
2. Domain name service
3. Support for 32 bit CPU
4. Internet remote service
1. Answer: A
2. Mary works for a computer training institute in North America.After discussing the steps of installing Windows XP professional in the class room, Mary divided the students in a group of two and asked them to complete the installation on their respective machines.But none of the students were able to complete the installation process.Identify the solution that is the cause to the above problem.
1. Needs to run XP Upgrade Adviser to avoid compatibility problem
2. Needs to run XP Upgrade Professional to avoid compatibility problem
3. Needs to run XP Upgrade Home Edition to avoid compatibility problem
4. Needs to run XP Service Pack to avoid compatibility problem

Answer: A

4. anes Technologies is a leading microprocessor manufacturing organization.After the launch of Windows XP professional in the market and its spreading popularity day by day, Ron, the owner of the organization decided to upgrade machines operating system in theoffice.This is decided because the interface of Windows XP would help the employees in increasing their work efficiency. To familiarize employees with the installation procedure of Windows XP professional, Ron also arranged a training session for the employees.But during the installation process, some employees found problem in installing Windows XP.Identify the correct sequence of steps for installing Windows XP that would help the employees in completing their task.
1. File copy, GUI mode setup, Text mode setup, Windows welcome
2. GUI mode setup, File copy, Text mode setup, Windows welcome
3. Text mode setup, GUI mode setup, File copy, Windows welcome
4. File copy, Text mode setup, GUI mode setup, Windows welcome

Answer: D

5. The hardware engineer of Janes Technologies is stuck at a point during the installation process of Windows XP professional.He wants to eliminate forced reboot after file copying phase of the setup process is complete.For this purpose, he is unable to find a command that will perform this operation.Identify the command and help him in completing the installation process.
1. /noreboot
2. /noboot
3. /nostart
4. /norestart

Answer: A

6. Mary works for a computer training institute in North America.After discussing the steps of installing Windows XP professional in the class room, Mary divided the students in a group of two and asked them to complete the installation on their respective machines.The students were able to complete the installation process successfully but were finding problem in creating and deploying disk images.Now help the students by identifying the file that is used for creating and deploying disk images.
1. sys.exe
2. sys.dll
3. sysprep.dll
4. sysprep.exe

Answer: D

7. You need to support eight users who work at one of your company%26apos;s remote offices.The users work on Windows XP Professional computers.There is a firewall at the remote office.Identify the component that is installed by default during the installation process of Windows XP in the remote office?
1. Fax service
2. Networking service
3. Network file and Print services
4. Indexing service

Answer: D

8. Ron has recently purchased a new computer system.He has planned to install Windows XP professional on the system along with other several software.For this purpose, he has consulted the vendor to install the software as required by him.But after several notifications also, the vendor was unable to reach his place and perform the task.Then, he decided to install Windows XP at his own.Identify the file that will provide him detailed instruction and technical information during the installation process.
1. Deploy.chm
2. Ref.chm
3. Ins.chm
4. Help.chm

Answer: A

9. Mary while instructing the class about the installation process of different versions of Windows also decided to discuss the importance and significance of the Windows Setup Manager Wizard.Identify the operating system, which supports this wizard and creates an answer file for automated installation process?
1. Windows 95
2. Windows XP Professional
3. Windows 98
4. Windows me

Answer: B

10. Don is a system administrator for a renowned travel agency.The agency is planning to upgrade its computer systems to Windows XP Professional.Most of the computers are networked but some computers do not have CD-ROM drives.How can Don upgrade the computer systems without CD-ROM drives to Windows XP Professional?
1. can attach a portable tape backup unit to each computer and install the operating system from it.
2. can use the windows installer program to push out the operating system.
3. can perfom the installation over a network share.
4. can not install windows XP Professional unless he installs a CD-ROM drive in the computer systems that do not have them.

Answer: C

11. Don is using a dual boot system between Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP Professional.Ron installed Windows 2000 Professional in a primary partition which is C drive, and Windows XP Professional is installed in the logical drive in extended partition which is D drive.Don now planned to install Windows 2003 in the unallocated space in the hard disk.When Don attempt to create a new primary partition using Disk Management snap-in, he received a message prompting him to make necessary change.The following shows the content of your Boot.ini: 
    [operating systems] 
    multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)%255cWINNT=%2526quot;Windows 2000 Professional%2526quot; 
    multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)%255cWINNT=%2526quot;Windows XP Professional%2526quot; 
    Identify the change that should be done in boot.ini.
1. multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(3)%255cWINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect
2. multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)%255cWINNT="Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect
3. multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)%255cWINNT=%2526quot;Windows 2000 Professional%2526quot; /fastdetect
4. multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(3)%255cWINNT=%2526quot;Windows XP Professional%2526quot;/fastdetect

Answer: C

you open the Properties sheet of the folder you are about to share, you notice you are able to share the folder but there is not an option to assign share permissions to individual groups and users.What should you do?

1. After sharing the folder, switch to the Security tab and set appropriate permissions.
2. Disable the Use simple file sharing option in Folder Options.
3. Protect the Shared Folder with a password and give this password only to the users that need access.
4. Convert the FAT32 volume to NTFS.
1. Answer: B
2. You are the administrator at a large company.The company policy is that all data is stored on file servers using shared folders, never locally.Many users have a notebook which they often take out of the office.All these users are a member of the Power Users group on their Windows XP client.You want to prevent all these users from making some of the shared folders available offline.What should you do?
1. In the Advanced properties for Offline Files, select the Never allow my computer to go offline check box on each of the client computers.
2. Disable the option Allow Caching of files in this shared folder in the Caching settings of each appropriate shared folder on the file servers.
3. On the Offline Files tab of Folder Options disable the option Enable Offline Files on each file server.
4. On the Offline Files tab of Folder Options disable the option Enable Offline Files on each client computer.

Answer: B

4. You are the administrator at a huge company.You just recently upgraded almost all Windows 98 clients to Windows XP.In some rare situations you installed Windows XP on a second partition to create a dual-boot installation.At one of these clients you need to install a new 40 GB hard disk and format it as one partition which both operating systems will be able to access.What should you do?
1. Use Windows 98 to format the partition with FAT32.
2. Use Windows XP to format the partition with FAT32.
3. Use Windows 98 to format the partition with NTFS.
4. Use Windows XP to format the partition with NTFS.

Answer: A

5. You are the administrator of a medium sized company.All the clients are running Windows XP Professional.At the end of a workday, you install an unsigned driver for a mass storage device on one of the clients.When the computer restarts you get a blue screen with Stop 0xc0000218 (0xe11a30e8, 0x00000000, 0x000000000, 0x00000000) UNKNOWN_HARD_ERROR.What should you do?
1. Start Windows in Safe mode and reinstall the driver.
2. Boot the computer from the Windows XP Professional installation CD and run Automated System Recovery.
3. Start Windows using the Last Known Good configuration.
4. Start Windows using the Recovery Console and restore the most recent full backup.

Answer: C

6. You are the desktop administrator at a major enterprise.You just installed a second disk in one of the Windows XP clients and formatted it with NTFS.You are moving a large amount of files from an NTFS compressed folder on C: to a new uncompressed folder on the new D: drive.What will be the compression state of the files after they are moved?
1. The files will be compressed.
2. The files will be uncompressed.
3. Both the target folder and the files will be compressed.
4. Only the target folder but not the files will be compressed

Answer: B

7. You have upgraded 10 laptops to Windows XP Professional.All users complain they experience problems when putting the computer in standby mode.You investigate and discover that the client computers' BIOS version does not support ACPI.What should you do to solve their problems?
1. (Choose 2)
2. Perform a complete re-install of Windows XP
3. Disable Power Management
4. Update the BIOS
5. Perform an in-place upgrade of Windows XP

Answer: C, D

8. You are the desktop administrator for your company.Five users in the Marketing department use software that produces a large amount of graphics and video related files on their local hard disks.They want this data to be included in the daily backup, but you do not want to pull hundreds of gigabytes extra over the company's LAN.

All their computers are connected to a single 100Mbps switch so you decide to add a tape drive to one of the Windows XP Professional desktops in the Marketing department.You create a share on each desktop computer, which contains the data that should be included in the backup.Because of the large amount of data, you want to use a backup method that takes the least amount of time to backup the data to tape.

Which of the following backup methods should you use?

1. Perform a Normal/Full backup every Monday and an Incremental backup for Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.
2. Perform a Normal backup every Monday and a Copy backup for Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.
3. Perform a Normal backup every Monday and a Differential backup for Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.
4. Perform a Weekly backup every Monday.Create an Daily backup for Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.

Answer: A

9. You are the desktop administrator for your company.All client desktop computers run Windows XP Professional and have one 80GB dynamic disk with 2 simple NTSF volumes.The C: volume holds the operating system and the user's applications.The D: volume contains only user data.

One of the users in the Marketing department requires more disk space for user data.Instead of restoring the contents of both drives on a larger hard disk, you decide to add an additional hard disk.How should you configure the disks for the best performance and the most usable disk space?

1. Create a spanned volume by extending volume D: to include the unallocated disk space of the second disk.
2. Create a striped volume by extending volume D: to include the unallocated disk space of the second disk.
3. Create a mirrored volume by mirroring the contents of volume D: to a new volume E: on the second disk.
4. Create a new simple volume on the second hard disk and mount it to a folder on volume D:

Answer: A

10. You are the network administrator at a small-sized company.Your workgroup became too large so you installed a Windows 2000 domain controller and turn the workgroup into a domain.You have successfuly joined all the Windows XP Professional clients to the domain and everything seemed to work fine.The next morning some of your users complain they are not able to switch users using the Fast User Switching feature.What should you do?
1. Click User Accounts in the Control Panel, click Change the way users log on or off and enable the Use Fast User Switching option
2. Click User Accounts in the Control Panel, click Change the way users log on or off and enable the Use Welcome Screen option
3. Instruct your users to press the WIN-L button to switch users.
4. Inform the users Fast User Switching is not available on computers that are joined to a domain.

Answer: D

11. You want to reduce the amount of space used on one of your FAT32 drive fast, so you decide to compress a folder named Odata with user data such as Word and Excel docs.When you want to enable compression on the folders properties sheet you notice compression is not available.How can you compress the files with the least amount of administrative effort and still be able to read the files?
1. Convert the drive to NTFS using convert.exe /fs:ntfs to enable NTFS File Compression
2. Convert the drive to NTFS using fs.exe /ntfs to enable NTFS File Compression
3. Create a new Compressed Folder and drag all the files from the Odata folder to the Compressed Folder and delete the original Odata folder
4. Use NTbackup.exe to create a file backup with maximum compression and delete the original Odata folder

Answer: C

received a popup when he started the image scanning software asking him if he wanted to search the Internet for new software and drivers.The user accepts and the update utility downloads and installs an updated driver for the scanner.

1. When the user attempted to use the scanner, the computer stopped responding.He calls you and explains the problem.He also informs you that he already rebooted the computer but when he tried to use the scanner again the computer stopped responding again.

What should you tell the user to do?

1. Restart the computer using the Last Known Good Configuration.
2. Use the Recovery Console to disable the device and restore the previous driver.
3. Configure the Driver Signing options to Ignore unsigned files.
4. Use the Driver Roll Back option in Device Manager to restore the previous driver.

Answer: D

2. You are the desktop administrator for your company.All client computers run Windows XP Professional and are members of a single Windows 2003 domain.You create a shared folder on one of the client computers and you assign the share permission Full Control to the Sales group and read to Everyone.You assign the share permission Change to Michael, who is a member of the Marketing group.You deny Full Control NTFS permissions for the Marketing group.

What are Michael's effective permissions when connecting to the shared folder?

1. Read
2. Read and Execute
3. Change
4. Full Control
5. No access

Answer: E

3. You are the administrator for a small company with 15 clients.All client desktop computers run Windows XP Professional and are members of a single workgroup.One of the computers is equipped with a large and fast SCSI hard disk to allow for a centralized location for file sharing.The disk is still basic and contains one large FAT32 partition.Because this computer contains most of the company's critical data, you have been asked to implement a fault tolerant solution to protect the data.Although you perform a backup every night, the downtime to restore the data could have disastrous financial consequences, so you decide to add an additional SCSI disk and create a mirrored volume.

What should you do to be able to implement the RAID 1 solution on the computer?

1. Use Disk Management to convert the disk to dynamic.
2. Use Disk Management to convert the disk to NTFS.
3. Run Windows XP Setup and press F6 to install the Windows Mirrored Volume driver.
4. Reinstall the computer with Windows 2000 or 2003 Server.

Answer: D

4. You are the domain administrator for your company.All client computers run Windows XP Professional and are members of a single Windows 2003 domain.One of the users, Julia, created a shared folder on her computer and asks you to set the permissions.She wants everyone in the Sales department to be able to do everything except changing permissions for the shared folder.Nobody else in the company should be granted access of any kind.She wants to maintain Full Control over the shared folder's permission settings.

How should you assign the permissions?

1. (Choose 3.)
2. Remove Everyone from the share permissions.
3. Assign the share permission Full Control to the Sales group.
4. Assign the share permission Change to the Sales group.
5. Assign Full Control share permissions to Julia.
6. Deny the share permission Full Control to the Sales group.
7. Deny the share permission Full Control to Everyone.
8. Assign the NTSF permission Modify to the Sales group.

Answer: A, C, G

5. You are the desktop administrator for your company.All client computers run Windows XP Professional and are members of a single Windows 2003 domain.All clients use a single shared Internet connection.You want to install 20 new clients using an answer file and you are current testing out the image on a test client.You've added the following text to the unattend.txt file:

[UserData]

ProductID = ABCDE-12345-FGHI6-JKLM7-NOPQ8

When you run the installation on the test computer, you notice that the Activation failed.What should you do to allow automatic product activation during setup?

1. Open port 80 and 443 on the firewall.
2. Add AutoActivate = Yes to the [Unattended] section of the answer file.
3. Add the msoobe /a command to the autoexec.bat of each client.
4. Add the /a and /ID parameters to winnt.exe when starting setup on the clients.

Answer: B

6. You want to share a printer on your Windows XP Professional client named Wrkst12, to allow IPP clients to print documents across the Internet.You installed PWS, shared the printer under the name Printer01, and set the appropriate permissions.What is the correct URL users should use to connect to the printer by using the Add Printer wizard?
1. http://Wrkst12/Printers/Printer01/.printer
2. http://Wrkst12/Printer01/.printer
3. http://Wrkst12/Printer01/
4. http://Wrkst12/Printers/Printer01/
5. http://Printer01/

Answer: A

7. You are a network technician assigned to troubleshoot problems with your company's enterprise network Windows 2000 environment.You have just been informed that a user's computer running Windows XP Professional has crashed.Upon inspection you notice that this computer will begin to load but the GUI no longer will come up.It will not load past the POST.What utility can you use to retrieve the files off this computer before the hard drive is formatted and a new image put back on?
1. ScanDisk
2. Disk Manager
3. Device Manager
4. Last Known Good Configuration
5. Recovery Console
6. Safe Mode

Answer: E

8. You share a folder on your computer and you assigned the share permission Change to Everyone.John, a user from the Sales department, has been granted Full Control NTFS permission to the folder.John is also a member of the Sales group, which has been assigned Read NTFS permissions.
   What are John's effective permissions when connecting to the shared folder?
1. Read
2. Read and Execute
3. Change
4. Full Control

Answer: C

9. Your Windows XP Professional computer won't boot correctly.You want to use the Recovery Console to troubleshoot, but you did not install it using the winnt32.exe /cmdcons command.How should you access the Recovery Console?
1. Using the Windows XP Advanced Options Menu at system startup
2. By pressing the F8 key at system startup
3. From Repair option of Setup
4. Add the /cmdcons switch to the Windows XP ARC path in the boot.ini file.

Answer: C

10. Which of the following is true concerning drive compression in Windows XP Professional?
1. You can compress files and folders only on drives formatted with NTFS.
2. Compressed files and folders cannot be shared.
3. Compressed files and folders can be encrypted.
4. Compressed files and folders cannot be encrypted

Answer: A, D

Monitor for a few minutes and notice the following averages: % Processor Time: 90%, Page per Sec: 0.7%, Disk Time: 14%.Which component is probably the cause of the slow performance?

1. Processor
2. Physical Disk
3. RAM
4. Page File
1. Answer: A
2. You are the desktop administrator for your company.All client desktop computers run Windows XP Professional and are members of a Windows 2000 domain.You have lost your file encryption certificate and you cannot access your encrypted files.What are possible ways to decrypt the files?
1. Restore a backup copy of your file encryption certificate and private key in a .pfx file format from a floppy disk.
2. Log on as the administrator of the local computer and decrypt the files.
3. Log on as the domain administrator and decrypt the files.
4. Log on as the administrator of the local computer and take ownership of the files.
5. Restore a backup copy of the file using NT Backup.

Answer: A, C

4. You are using Windows XP Professional operating system on your laptop with docking station.While in the office your files are redirected from "My Documents" local folder to a folder on the network file server.You want to be able to view these files either at work or on the road and have all files in this folder be current and up to date.What is the correct procedure to accomplish this?
1. (select all that apply)
2. From My Computer, Tools Menu, Folder Options, Enable Offline Files.
3. From the Remote Directory, File Menu, Select Make Available Offline.
4. Copy the remote folder to your local directory.On the folders properties page, select synchronize with offline folders.
5. From the Local Directory, File Menu, Select Make Available Offline.
6. Select Synchronize all offline files before logging off.

Answer: A, E

5. You are setting up a user to print to a Network Printer without assigning this user to a print server.What is the proper way to configure thisuser's PC?
1. In the printers properties dialogue, specify the port to print to LPT1:
2. Set the Spool Settings to spool document first, and then print
3. Select Automatically Detect My Plug and Play Printer
4. Add a Standard TCP/IP local port
5. Enable Printer Pooling
6. Stop and restart the print spool service

Answer: D

6. You are installing an LPR port on your Windows XP Professional client to be able to print to a print device connected to a UNIX print server.Which of the following information do you need to provide?
1. IP address or host name of the UNIX print server
2. IP address or host name of the print device
3. The name of the print queue on the UNIX server
4. The name of the print queue on the print device

Answer: A, C

7. You are the administrator at a small law firm.A couple of minutes ago, one of your Windows XP Professional clients' hard disk crashed, and you plan to recover from this disaster using Automated System Recovery.You have the tape from the ASR set you created by using Backup's ASR Wizard, but you cannot find the ASR floppy disk.

What should you do to be able to perform the ASR restore?

1. (Select the best answer.)
2. Use the Backup utility on another Windows XP Professional client to recreate the ASR floppy.
3. Use the Backup utility on another Windows XP Professional client to restore the necessary files from the %systemroot%\repair directory on the tape to a floppy.
4. Copy the ASR.* files from the i386 directory on the Installation CD to a boot floppy.
5. Copy the ASR.* files from the %systemroot%\repair directory on another Windows XP Professional client to a floppy disk.
6. Perform the restore without using the ASR floppy disk.

Answer: B

8. You are the administrator of a small Windows 2000 Active Directory domain.You want to install 20 non-PXE compliant Windows XP Professional clients by using RIS.You installed and configured Remote Installation Services on the DHCP server.You configured the clients to boot from the network but when you boot a client you are not prompted to start the download of the client installation wizard.What should you do?
1. Run RIPREP.exe on the target clients before you boot them.
2. Create a boot disk with a network client and manually start the installation by running winnt.exe.
3. Create a startup disk by using the RBFG.exe utility.
4. Install a WINS server in the domain.
5. Install a DNS server in the domain.

Answer: C

9. You are the domain administrator at a large company.Your company uses a custom directory application for contact information.You want this application to be automatically installed when users from the Sales department log on to a computer.Which of the following should you do?
1. Assign the package to the computer accounts of the users in the Sales department.
2. Publish the package to the computer accounts of the users in the Sales department.
3. Assign the package to the user accounts of the users in the Sales department.
4. Publish the package to the user accounts of the users in the Sales department.

Answer: C

10. You have recently upgraded several Windows 98 clients to Windows XP Professional.To make use of advanced NTFS features such as file and folder permissions and encryption, you decide to convert the client's hard disks to NTFS.What should you do?
1. Run the convert C: /fs:ntfs command.
2. Upgrade the clients again and choose to convert the file system this time.
3. Use the Disk Manager to convert the file system.
4. Reformat the disk with NTFS and restore a full backup

Answer: A

11. You are the desktop administrator at a small company.All clients run Windows XP Professional.One of these clients is used as a print server, besides two locally attached printers the print server serves several Hewlett Packet JetDirect network printers configured to use a standard TCP/IP port.One of the users complains about print jobs taking too much time to be printed.You verify the print server and notice the C: drive is nearly full.What should you do the increase the performance of the print server?
1. Change the location for the print spooler on the Advanced tab of the Printer properties to another disk.
2. Change the location for the print spooler on the Advanced tab of the Print Server properties to another disk.
3. Relocate the print queue of the network printers to the JetDirect adapters.
4. Replace the Standard TCP/IP port with a DLC port for the HP printers.

Answer: B

Some facts

    1.Fathers tend to determine the height of their child, mothers their weight
2.      In ancient Greece, children of wealthy families were dipped in olive oil at birth to keep them hairless throughout their lives.
3.      The inventor of the flushing toilet was Thomas Crapper.
4.      Napoleon was terrified of cats.
5.      Camel's milk, which is widely drunk in Arab countries, has 10 times more iron than cow's milk.
6.      The Mona Lisa has no eyebrows. It was the fashion in Renaissance Florence to shave them off.
7.      If you attempted to count to stars in a galaxy at a rate of one every second it would take around 3,000 years to count them all.
8.      The number of cars on the planet is increasing three times faster than the population growth
9.      The ampersand (&) was once a letter of the English alphabet
10.  The total combined weight of the world’s ant population is heavier than the weight of the human population.
11.  Upper and lower case letters are named 'upper' and 'lower', because in the time when al original print had to be set in individual letters, the 'upper case' letters were stored in the case on top of the case stored smaller, 'lower case' letters.
12. Charlie Chaplin won third place in a Charlie Chaplin lookalike contest.

Red Hat Logo

Vaanam Yellai enbadhu indrillai - Unnaipol Oruvan

What would you do?

If what had to be done

Could only be done by you

Unnaipol Oruvan

With a new flow and new sway

Shruti Hassan and Blaaze

Easier said than done

Solve the problems one by one

Irinthadu nighaludhu ethirila paar

Nananana

Take  a look, look at the future missy

? but in ninaivil vei

Indre adhanudan kalavai sei

Adhe nalai akkum mayam sei

Vaanam Yellai enbadhu indrillai

Naalai endru thanni oru nilai illai

Endrum

Vaanam Yellai enbadhu indrillai

Naalai endru thanni oru nilai illai

Endrum

We got to stop we got to stare

We got to see justice till we care

We got to plan we got to understand

We cannot take for granted our lives (nadu nadu)

We got to stop we got to stare

We got to see justice till we care

Break it down break it down

Tamil Nadu hit it sound

Tamil Nadu hit it sound

We got to stop, see justice, got to stop, stop

Aaaooh

Nendrum theedum ellam aagathu

Pirathadu varai

Whooo

Nendrum theedum ellam aagathu

Pirathadu varai

Easier said than done

Vaanam Yellai enbadhu indrillai

Naalai endru thanni oru nilai illai

Endrum

Easier said than done

Vaanam Yellai enbadhu indrillai

Naalai endru thanni oru nilai illai

Endrum

Easier said than done

Solve the problems one by one

Irinthadu nighaludhu ethirila paar

Nananana

Everybody drive around the road

and let me say hit the road are you ready now?

let me say make a change with your number one

Unnaipol Oruvan

Everybody drive around the road

and let me say hit the road are you ready now?

let me say make a change with your number one

Unnaipol Oruvan

Always my favourite song

Pray for me brother Album by A.R,Rehman

Lyrics:

Pray for me brother

Pray for me brother

Pray for me sister

Are you searchin’….

Pray for me brother

Lookin’ for the answers To all the questions In my life

Will I be alone Will you be there By my side

Is it something he said Is it something he did

I wonder why He is searchin’ For the answers

To stay alive

Could you ever listen Could you ever care

To speak your mind

Only for a minute For only one moment

In time

The joy is around us But show me the love

That we must find

Are you searchin’ For a reason to be kind, to be kind…

He said… Pray for me brother

Pray for me brother Pray for me sister

Pray for me brother Say

what you wanna say now

But keep your hearts open

Be what you wanna be now

Let’s heal the confusion

Pray for me brother

Don’t let me take When you don’t wanna give

Don’t be afraid Just let me live

Don’t let me take When you don’t wanna give

Don’t be afraid Say what you wanna say now

But keep your hearts open

Be what you wanna be now Let’s heal the confusion

Pray for me brother Pray for me brother

I’m ashamed ah, brother be dying of poverty

when he down on his knees its only then he prays

And it’s a shame ah, brother be dying of ignorance

cos the world is a trip and everybody’s a hypocrite

Need to stop ah , taking a look at the other

I’m not ashamed of poverty

need to be making his life better

So think about it, think about it once more

cos life is a blessing and it’s not justa show, ah

Round and round the world is spinning around

We need to be singing a prayer, we need to be singing it now

Round and round the world is turning around

We need to be singing a prayer, we need to be singing it now

Need to be feeling the power, need to be feeling the faith

We need to coming together just to win this race

Need to be feeling the power, need to be feeling the faith

We need to coming together just to win this race (twice)

Are you searching for a reason to be kind ?

How to download your Orkut Data

The below link is used to takeout your Orkut data
https://www.google.com/settings/takeout/custom/orkut

Click download link if you want more details on this
https://support.google.com/orkut/answer/3220186

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Flexible Single Master Operation Roles (FSMO)

Active Directory has five special roles which are vital for the smooth running of AD as a multimaster system. Some functions of AD require there is an authoritative master to which all Domain Controllers can refer to. These roles are installed automatically and there is normally very little reason to move them, however if you de-commission a DC and DCPROMO fails to run correctly or have a catastrophic failure of a DC you will need to know about these roles to recover or transfer them to another DC.

The forest wide roles must appear once per forest, the domain wide roles must appear once per domain.

The Roles

There are five FSMO roles, two per forest, three in every Domain. A brief summary of the role is below.

Forest Wide Roles:

• Schema Master

The schema is shared between every Tree and Domain in a forest and must be consistent between all objects. The schema master controls all updates and modifications to the schema.

• Domain Naming

When a new Domain is added to a forest the name must be unique within the forest. The Domain naming master must be available when adding or removing a Domain in a forest.

Domain Wide Roles:

• Relative ID (RID) Master

Allocates RIDs to DCs within a Domain. When an object such as a user, group or computer is created in AD it is given a SID. The SID consists of a Domain SID (which is the same for all SIDs created in the domain) and a RID which is unique to the Domain.

When moving objects between domains you must start the move on the DC which is the RID master of the domain that currently holds the object.

• PDC Emulator

The PDC emulator acts as a Windows NT PDC for backwards compatibility, it can process updates to a BDC.

It is also responsible for time synchronising within a domain.

It is also the password master (for want of a better term) for a domain. Any password change is replicated to the PDC emulator as soon as is practical. If a logon request fails due to a bad password the logon request is passed to the PDC emulator to check the password before rejecting the login request.

• Infrastructure Master

The infrastructure master is responsible for updating references from objects in its domain to objects in other domains. The global catalogue is used to compare data as it receives regular updates for all objects in all domains.

Any change to user-group references are updated by the infrastructure master. For example if you rename or move a group member and the member is in a different domain from the group the group will temporarily appear not to contain that member.

Important Note :

Unless there is only one DC in a domain the Infrastructure role should not be on the DC that is hosting the global catalogue. If they are on the same server the infrastructure master will not function, it will never find data that is out of date and so will never replicate changes to other DCs in a domain.

If all DCs in a domain also host a global catalogue then it does not matter which DC has the infrastructure master role as all DCs will be up to date due to the global catalogue.

Viewing and Transferring Roles

The roles can be viewed and transferred in the GUI or from the command line.

Gui View

Schema Master

To view the schema you must first register the schema master dll with Windows. To do this enter the following in the RUN dialog of the start menu.

regsvr32 schmmgmt.dll

Once you have done this the schema master mmc snap-in will be available.

Active Directory Domains and Trusts

The Domain naming master can be viewed and transferred from here.

Active Directory User and Computers

The RID, PDC emulator and Infrastructure master roles can be viewed and transferred from here.

NTDSUTIL

NTDSUTIL provides FSMO maintenance and the option to seize a role (covered in the FSMO Role Failure section below).

To transfer a role using ntdsutil use the example below as a template for all the roles.

• Open a command prompt
• Enter in ntdsutil
• At the ntdsutil command prompt enter in roles
• At the fsmo maintenance prompt enter in connection
• At the server connections prompt enter in connect to domancontrollername
• At the server connections prompt enter in quit
• At the fsmo maintenance prompt enter in transfer schema master
• Quit from the console

FSMO Role Failure

Some of the operations master roles are essential for AD functionality, others can be unavailable for a while before their absence will be noticed. Normally it is not the failure of the role, but rather the failure of the DC on which the role is running.

If a DC fails which is a role holder you can seize the role on another DC, but you should always try and transfer the role first.

Before seizing a role you need to asses the duration of the outage of the DC which is holding the role. If it is likely to be a short outage due to a temporary power or network issue then you would probably want to wait rather than seize the role.

Schema Master Failure

In most cases the loss of the schema master will not affect network users and only affect Admins if modifications to the schema are required. You should however only seize this role when the failure of the existing holder is considered permanent.

Note: A DC whose schema master role has been seized should never be brought back online

Domain Naming Master Failure

Temporary loss of this role holder will not be noticeable to network users. Domain Admins will only notice the loss if they try and add or remove a domain in the forest. You should however only seize this role when the failure of the existing holder is considered permanent.

Note: A DC whose schema master role has been seized should never be brought back online

RID Master Failure

Temporary loss of this role holder will not be noticeable to network users. Domain Admins will only notice the loss if a domain they are creating objects in runs out of relative IDS (RIDs). You should however only seize this role when the failure of the existing holder is considered permanent.

Note: A DC whose schema master role has been seized should never be brought back online

PDC Emulator Master Failure

Network users will notice the loss of the PDC emulator. If the DC with this role fails you may need to immediately seize this role. Only pre Windows 2000 clients and NT4 BDCs will be affected.

If you seize the role and return the original DC to the network you can transfer the role back.

Infrastructure Master Failure

Temporary loss of this role holder will not be noticeable to network users. Administrators will not notice the role loss unless they are or have recently moved or renamed large numbers of accounts.

If you are required to seize the role do not seize it to a DC which is a global catalogue server unless all DCs are global catalogue servers.

If you seize the role and return the original DC to the network you can transfer the role back.

Difference between Cache and Buffer

Key difference: A cache transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster. A buffer, on the other hand, temporarily stores data while the data is the process of moving from one place to another.

Both cache and buffer are types of temporary storage that are utilized in computer science. However, they differ in the methods and the capabilities in which they are used. A cache transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster. A buffer, on the other hand, temporarily stores data while the data is the process of moving from one place to another, i.e. the input device to the output device.

There are two main types of caches, memory caching and disk caching. Memory caching is when the cache is part of the main memory, whereas disk caching is when the cache is part of some other separate storage area, such as a hard disk. Caching is the process of storing data in a cache so that the data can be accessed faster in the future. The data that is stored within a cache might be values that have been computed earlier or duplicates of original values that are stored elsewhere. When some data is requested, the cache is first checked to see whether it contains that data. The data can be retrieved more quickly from the cache than from its source origin.

An easy example to understand caching is to look at web caching. A web cache is a mechanism for the temporary storage (caching) of web documents, such as HTML pages and images. This is mainly done to reduce bandwidth usage, server load, and perceived lag. When a web page is loaded, the data on the pages is cached; hence the next time the page is loaded it is quicker, as data is already present, and only the changes made to the page need to be loaded, which are in turn cached for next time. Google's cache link in its search results provides a way of retrieving information from websites that have recently gone down and a way of retrieving data more quickly than by clicking the direct link.

The buffer, on the other hand, is found mainly in the RAM and acts as an area where the CPU can store data temporarily. This area is used mainly when the computer and the other devices have different processing speeds. Typically, the data is stored in a buffer as it is retrieved from an input device (such as a mouse) or just before it is sent to an output device (such as speakers). However, the buffer may also be used when moving data between processes within a computer.

So, the computer writes the data up into a buffer, from where the device can access the data, as its own speed. This allows the computer to be able to focus on other matters after it writes up the data in the buffer; as oppose to constantly focus on the data, until the device is done.

Buffers can be implemented in a fixed memory location in hardware or by using a virtual data buffer in software, which points to a data buffer are stored on a physical storage medium. Majority of the buffers are utilized in the software. These buffers typically use the faster RAM to store temporary data, as RAM has a much faster access time than hard disk drives. A buffer often adjusts timing by implementing a queue or FIFO algorithm in memory. Hence, it is often writing data into the queue at one rate and reading it at another rate.

A common example of this is streaming videos online, such as YouTube. While, watching a video on YouTube, one may notice that a gray bar tends to load before the red bar of the video stream can play. The gray bar is the buffer. It downloads the data of the video and saves it so that the video may play at an uninterrupted rate. As you might have noticed that when the red bar catches up to the gray bar, the video stops, in order to load the rest of the video.

Buffers are also often used with I/O to hardware, such as disk drives, sending or receiving data to or from a network, or playing sound on a speaker. Buffers are used for many purposes, such as interconnecting two digital circuits operating at different rates, holding data for use at a later time, allowing timing corrections to be made on a data stream, collecting binary data bits into groups that can then be operated on as a unit, and delaying the transit time of a signal in order to allow other operations to occur.

However, a buffer cannot be used to instantaneously move your location in the data stream, unless the new part has already been moved to the buffer. Similar to the YouTube video, which cannot be forwarded to a part that is not covered by the gray bar.  If you do, the buffer will relocate and restart from the new location.

Still, the functions of a cache and buffer are not mutually exclusive and are often combined for an ideal performance. 

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